VB与Windows资源管理器互拷文件
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通过VB编程来拷贝或移动文件的原理可能大家都十分清楚，可以利用Windows API
SHFileOperation来进行操作，也可以利用VB内置的函数来操作。但是利用这些方法编
写的程序只能在程序内部执行文件的操作。这里我要向大家介绍如何通过VB编程将程序
中的文件操作同Windows的资源管理器中的拷贝、剪切操作连接起来。
在Windows的资源管理器中，选中一个或多个文件，在文件上单击鼠标右键，在弹
出菜单中选复制。再切换到另外的目录，单击鼠标右键，点粘贴。就执行了一次文件的
拷贝操作，那么Windows在拷贝过程中执行了什么操作，是否将整个文件拷贝到剪贴版
上了呢？当然没有。实际上，windows只是将一个文件结构拷贝到了剪贴版，这个结构
如下：
tDropFile+文件1文件名+vbNullChar文件2文件名+vbNullChar...+文件N文件名+vbNullChar
其中tDropFile是一个DROPFILES结构，这个结构在Windows API中有定义。在粘贴文件
时，利用API函数 DragQueryFile 就可以获得拷贝到剪贴版的文件全路径名，然后就
可以根据获得的文件名执行文件拷贝函数，实现对文件的粘贴操作。
下面通过具体的程序来介绍：
1、在工程文件中加入一个Module，然后在Module中加入如下代码：
Option Explicit
Private Type POINTAPI
x As Long
y As Long
End Type
Private Type SHFILEOPSTRUCT
hwnd As Long
wFunc As Long
pFrom As String
pTo As String
fFlags As Integer
fAnyOperationsAborted As Long
hNameMappings As Long
lpszProgressTitle As String
End Type
Private Declare Function SHFileOperation Lib "shell32.dll" Alias _
"SHFileOperationA" (lpFileOp As SHFILEOPSTRUCT) As Long
'剪贴版处理函数
Private Declare Function EmptyClipboard Lib "user32" () As Long
Private Declare Function OpenClipboard Lib "user32" (ByVal hwnd _
As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function CloseClipboard Lib "user32" () As Long
Private Declare Function SetClipboardData Lib "user32" (ByVal wFormat _
As Long, ByVal hMem As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function GetClipboardData Lib "user32" (ByVal wFormat _
As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function IsClipboardFormatAvailable Lib "user32" _
(ByVal wFormat As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function DragQueryFile Lib "shell32.dll" Alias _
"DragQueryFileA" (ByVal hDrop As Long, ByVal UINT As Long, _
ByVal lpStr As String, ByVal ch As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function DragQueryPoint Lib "shell32.dll" (ByVal _
hDrop As Long, lpPoint As POINTAPI) As Long
Private Declare Function GlobalAlloc Lib "kernel32" (ByVal wFlags _
As Long, ByVal dwBytes As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function GlobalFree Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hMem As _
Long) As Long
Private Declare Function GlobalLock Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hMem As _
Long) As Long
Private Declare Function GlobalUnlock Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hMem As _
Long) As Long
Private Declare Sub CopyMem Lib "kernel32" Alias "RtlMoveMemory" _
(Destination As Any, Source As Any, ByVal Length As Long)
'剪贴版数据格式定义
Private Const CF_TEXT = 1
Private Const CF_BITMAP = 2
Private Const CF_METAFILEPICT = 3
Private Const CF_SYLK = 4
Private Const CF_DIF = 5
Private Const CF_TIFF = 6
Private Const CF_OEMTEXT = 7
Private Const CF_DIB = 8
Private Const CF_PALETTE = 9
Private Const CF_PENDATA = 10
Private Const CF_RIFF = 11
Private Const CF_WAVE = 12
Private Const CF_UNICODETEXT = 13
Private Const CF_ENHMETAFILE = 14
Private Const CF_HDROP = 15
Private Const CF_LOCALE = 16
Private Const CF_MAX = 17
' 内存操作定义
Private Const GMEM_FIXED = &H0
Private Const GMEM_MOVEABLE = &H2
Private Const GMEM_NOCOMPACT = &H10
Private Const GMEM_NODISCARD = &H20
Private Const GMEM_ZEROINIT = &H40
Private Const GMEM_MODIFY = &H80
Private Const GMEM_DISCARDABLE = &H100
Private Const GMEM_NOT_BANKED = &H1000
Private Const GMEM_SHARE = &H2000
Private Const GMEM_DDESHARE = &H2000
Private Const GMEM_NOTIFY = &H4000
Private Const GMEM_LOWER = GMEM_NOT_BANKED
Private Const GMEM_VALID_FLAGS = &H7F72
Private Const GMEM_INVALID_HANDLE = &H8000
Private Const GHND = (GMEM_MOVEABLE Or GMEM_ZEROINIT)
Private Const GPTR = (GMEM_FIXED Or GMEM_ZEROINIT)
Private Const FO_COPY = &H2
Private Type DROPFILES
pFiles As Long
pt As POINTAPI
fNC As Long
fWide As Long
End Type
Public Function clipCopyFiles(Files() As String) As Boolean
Dim data As String
Dim df As DROPFILES
Dim hGlobal As Long
Dim lpGlobal As Long
Dim i As Long
'清除剪贴版中现存的数据
If OpenClipboard(0&) Then
Call EmptyClipboard
For i = LBound(Files) To UBound(Files)
data = data & Files(i) & vbNullChar
Next i
data = data & vbNullChar
'为剪贴版拷贝操作分配相应大小的内存
hGlobal = GlobalAlloc(GHND, Len(df) + Len(data))
If hGlobal Then
lpGlobal = GlobalLock(hGlobal)
df.pFiles = Len(df)
'将DropFiles结构拷贝到内存中
Call CopyMem(ByVal lpGlobal, df, Len(df))
'将文件全路径名拷贝到分配的内存中。
Call CopyMem(ByVal (lpGlobal + Len(df)), ByVal data, _
Len(data))
Call GlobalUnlock(hGlobal)
'将数据拷贝到剪贴版上
If SetClipboardData(CF_HDROP, hGlobal) Then
clipCopyFiles = True
End If
End If
Call CloseClipboard
End If
End Function
Public Function clipPasteFiles(Files() As String) As Long
Dim hDrop As Long
Dim nFiles As Long
Dim i As Long
Dim desc As String
Dim filename As String
Dim pt As POINTAPI
Dim tfStr As SHFILEOPSTRUCT
Const MAX_PATH As Long = 260
'确定剪贴版的数据格式是文件，并打开剪贴版
If IsClipboardFormatAvailable(CF_HDROP) Then
If OpenClipboard(0&) Then
hDrop = GetClipboardData(CF_HDROP)
'获得文件数
nFiles = DragQueryFile(hDrop, -1&, "", 0)
ReDim Files(0 To nFiles - 1) As String
filename = Space(MAX_PATH)
'确定执行的操作类型为拷贝操作
tfStr.wFunc = FO_COPY
'目的路径设置为File1指定的路径
tfStr.pTo = Form1.File1.Path
For i = 0 To nFiles - 1
'根据获取的每一个文件执行文件拷贝操作
Call DragQueryFile(hDrop, i, filename, Len(filename))
Files(i) = TrimNull(filename)
tfStr.pFrom = Files(i)
SHFileOperation tfStr
Next i
Form1.File1.Refresh
Form1.Dir1.Refresh
Call CloseClipboard
End If
clipPasteFiles = nFiles
End If
End Function
Private Function TrimNull(ByVal StrIn As String) As String
Dim nul As Long
nul = InStr(StrIn, vbNullChar)
Select Case nul
Case Is > 1
TrimNull = Left(StrIn, nul - 1)
Case 1
TrimNull = ""
Case 0
TrimNull = Trim(StrIn)
End Select
End Function
2、在Form1中加入一个FileListBox，Name属性设置为File1。加入一个DirListBox，
Name属性设置为Dir1，在Dir1的Change事件中加入如下代码：
Private Sub Dir1_Change()
File1.Path = Dir1.Path
End Sub
加入一个DriveListBox，Name属性设置为Drive1，在Drive1的Change事件中加入如下
代码：
Private Sub Drive1_Change()
Dir1.Path = Drive1.Drive
End Sub
加入一个CommandButton，Name属性设置为cmdCopy，在cmdCopy的Click事件中加入如下
代码：
Private Sub cmdCopy_Click()
Dim Files() As String
Dim Path As String
Dim i As Long, n As Long
Path = Dir1.Path
If Right(Path, 1) <> "\" Then
Path = Path & "\"
End If
'根据在List1上的选择建立拷贝文件的列表
With File1
For i = 0 To .ListCount - 1
If .Selected(i) Then
ReDim Preserve Files(0 To n) As String
Files(n) = Path & .List(i)
n = n + 1
End If
Next i
End With
'拷贝文件到Clipboard
If clipCopyFiles(Files) Then
MsgBox "拷贝文件成功.", , "Success"
Else
MsgBox "无法拷贝文件...", , "Failure"
End If
End Sub
加入一个CommandButton，Name属性设置为cmdPaste，在cmdPaste的Click事件中加入如
下代码：
Private Sub cmdPaste_Click()
Dim Files() As String
Dim nRet As Long
Dim i As Long
Dim msg As String
nRet = clipPasteFiles(Files)
If nRet Then
For i = 0 To nRet - 1
msg = msg & Files(i) & vbCrLf
Next i
MsgBox msg, , "共粘贴" & nRet & "个文件"
Else
MsgBox "从剪贴版粘贴文件错误", , "Failure"
End If
End Sub
运行文件，在Windows 资源管理器中，选择文件，再在资源管理器菜单中选 编辑 | 复制
然后在Form1中点击cmdPaste，从资源管理器中复制的文件就拷贝到Dir1所在的目录中。从
File1中选择文件，按cmdCopy复制，再在资源管理器中选 编辑 | 粘贴 ，选择的文件就被
拷贝到Windows 资源管理器的当前目录下。
上面的程序在Windows98 VB6.0下运行通过。
SHFileOperation来进行操作，也可以利用VB内置的函数来操作。但是利用这些方法编
写的程序只能在程序内部执行文件的操作。这里我要向大家介绍如何通过VB编程将程序
中的文件操作同Windows的资源管理器中的拷贝、剪切操作连接起来。
在Windows的资源管理器中，选中一个或多个文件，在文件上单击鼠标右键，在弹
出菜单中选复制。再切换到另外的目录，单击鼠标右键，点粘贴。就执行了一次文件的
拷贝操作，那么Windows在拷贝过程中执行了什么操作，是否将整个文件拷贝到剪贴版
上了呢？当然没有。实际上，windows只是将一个文件结构拷贝到了剪贴版，这个结构
如下：
tDropFile+文件1文件名+vbNullChar文件2文件名+vbNullChar...+文件N文件名+vbNullChar
其中tDropFile是一个DROPFILES结构，这个结构在Windows API中有定义。在粘贴文件
时，利用API函数 DragQueryFile 就可以获得拷贝到剪贴版的文件全路径名，然后就
可以根据获得的文件名执行文件拷贝函数，实现对文件的粘贴操作。
下面通过具体的程序来介绍：
1、在工程文件中加入一个Module，然后在Module中加入如下代码：
Option Explicit
Private Type POINTAPI
x As Long
y As Long
End Type
Private Type SHFILEOPSTRUCT
hwnd As Long
wFunc As Long
pFrom As String
pTo As String
fFlags As Integer
fAnyOperationsAborted As Long
hNameMappings As Long
lpszProgressTitle As String
End Type
Private Declare Function SHFileOperation Lib "shell32.dll" Alias _
"SHFileOperationA" (lpFileOp As SHFILEOPSTRUCT) As Long
'剪贴版处理函数
Private Declare Function EmptyClipboard Lib "user32" () As Long
Private Declare Function OpenClipboard Lib "user32" (ByVal hwnd _
As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function CloseClipboard Lib "user32" () As Long
Private Declare Function SetClipboardData Lib "user32" (ByVal wFormat _
As Long, ByVal hMem As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function GetClipboardData Lib "user32" (ByVal wFormat _
As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function IsClipboardFormatAvailable Lib "user32" _
(ByVal wFormat As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function DragQueryFile Lib "shell32.dll" Alias _
"DragQueryFileA" (ByVal hDrop As Long, ByVal UINT As Long, _
ByVal lpStr As String, ByVal ch As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function DragQueryPoint Lib "shell32.dll" (ByVal _
hDrop As Long, lpPoint As POINTAPI) As Long
Private Declare Function GlobalAlloc Lib "kernel32" (ByVal wFlags _
As Long, ByVal dwBytes As Long) As Long
Private Declare Function GlobalFree Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hMem As _
Long) As Long
Private Declare Function GlobalLock Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hMem As _
Long) As Long
Private Declare Function GlobalUnlock Lib "kernel32" (ByVal hMem As _
Long) As Long
Private Declare Sub CopyMem Lib "kernel32" Alias "RtlMoveMemory" _
(Destination As Any, Source As Any, ByVal Length As Long)
'剪贴版数据格式定义
Private Const CF_TEXT = 1
Private Const CF_BITMAP = 2
Private Const CF_METAFILEPICT = 3
Private Const CF_SYLK = 4
Private Const CF_DIF = 5
Private Const CF_TIFF = 6
Private Const CF_OEMTEXT = 7
Private Const CF_DIB = 8
Private Const CF_PALETTE = 9
Private Const CF_PENDATA = 10
Private Const CF_RIFF = 11
Private Const CF_WAVE = 12
Private Const CF_UNICODETEXT = 13
Private Const CF_ENHMETAFILE = 14
Private Const CF_HDROP = 15
Private Const CF_LOCALE = 16
Private Const CF_MAX = 17
' 内存操作定义
Private Const GMEM_FIXED = &H0
Private Const GMEM_MOVEABLE = &H2
Private Const GMEM_NOCOMPACT = &H10
Private Const GMEM_NODISCARD = &H20
Private Const GMEM_ZEROINIT = &H40
Private Const GMEM_MODIFY = &H80
Private Const GMEM_DISCARDABLE = &H100
Private Const GMEM_NOT_BANKED = &H1000
Private Const GMEM_SHARE = &H2000
Private Const GMEM_DDESHARE = &H2000
Private Const GMEM_NOTIFY = &H4000
Private Const GMEM_LOWER = GMEM_NOT_BANKED
Private Const GMEM_VALID_FLAGS = &H7F72
Private Const GMEM_INVALID_HANDLE = &H8000
Private Const GHND = (GMEM_MOVEABLE Or GMEM_ZEROINIT)
Private Const GPTR = (GMEM_FIXED Or GMEM_ZEROINIT)
Private Const FO_COPY = &H2
Private Type DROPFILES
pFiles As Long
pt As POINTAPI
fNC As Long
fWide As Long
End Type
Public Function clipCopyFiles(Files() As String) As Boolean
Dim data As String
Dim df As DROPFILES
Dim hGlobal As Long
Dim lpGlobal As Long
Dim i As Long
'清除剪贴版中现存的数据
If OpenClipboard(0&) Then
Call EmptyClipboard
For i = LBound(Files) To UBound(Files)
data = data & Files(i) & vbNullChar
Next i
data = data & vbNullChar
'为剪贴版拷贝操作分配相应大小的内存
hGlobal = GlobalAlloc(GHND, Len(df) + Len(data))
If hGlobal Then
lpGlobal = GlobalLock(hGlobal)
df.pFiles = Len(df)
'将DropFiles结构拷贝到内存中
Call CopyMem(ByVal lpGlobal, df, Len(df))
'将文件全路径名拷贝到分配的内存中。
Call CopyMem(ByVal (lpGlobal + Len(df)), ByVal data, _
Len(data))
Call GlobalUnlock(hGlobal)
'将数据拷贝到剪贴版上
If SetClipboardData(CF_HDROP, hGlobal) Then
clipCopyFiles = True
End If
End If
Call CloseClipboard
End If
End Function
Public Function clipPasteFiles(Files() As String) As Long
Dim hDrop As Long
Dim nFiles As Long
Dim i As Long
Dim desc As String
Dim filename As String
Dim pt As POINTAPI
Dim tfStr As SHFILEOPSTRUCT
Const MAX_PATH As Long = 260
'确定剪贴版的数据格式是文件，并打开剪贴版
If IsClipboardFormatAvailable(CF_HDROP) Then
If OpenClipboard(0&) Then
hDrop = GetClipboardData(CF_HDROP)
'获得文件数
nFiles = DragQueryFile(hDrop, -1&, "", 0)
ReDim Files(0 To nFiles - 1) As String
filename = Space(MAX_PATH)
'确定执行的操作类型为拷贝操作
tfStr.wFunc = FO_COPY
'目的路径设置为File1指定的路径
tfStr.pTo = Form1.File1.Path
For i = 0 To nFiles - 1
'根据获取的每一个文件执行文件拷贝操作
Call DragQueryFile(hDrop, i, filename, Len(filename))
Files(i) = TrimNull(filename)
tfStr.pFrom = Files(i)
SHFileOperation tfStr
Next i
Form1.File1.Refresh
Form1.Dir1.Refresh
Call CloseClipboard
End If
clipPasteFiles = nFiles
End If
End Function
Private Function TrimNull(ByVal StrIn As String) As String
Dim nul As Long
nul = InStr(StrIn, vbNullChar)
Select Case nul
Case Is > 1
TrimNull = Left(StrIn, nul - 1)
Case 1
TrimNull = ""
Case 0
TrimNull = Trim(StrIn)
End Select
End Function
2、在Form1中加入一个FileListBox，Name属性设置为File1。加入一个DirListBox，
Name属性设置为Dir1，在Dir1的Change事件中加入如下代码：
Private Sub Dir1_Change()
File1.Path = Dir1.Path
End Sub
加入一个DriveListBox，Name属性设置为Drive1，在Drive1的Change事件中加入如下
代码：
Private Sub Drive1_Change()
Dir1.Path = Drive1.Drive
End Sub
加入一个CommandButton，Name属性设置为cmdCopy，在cmdCopy的Click事件中加入如下
代码：
Private Sub cmdCopy_Click()
Dim Files() As String
Dim Path As String
Dim i As Long, n As Long
Path = Dir1.Path
If Right(Path, 1) <> "\" Then
Path = Path & "\"
End If
'根据在List1上的选择建立拷贝文件的列表
With File1
For i = 0 To .ListCount - 1
If .Selected(i) Then
ReDim Preserve Files(0 To n) As String
Files(n) = Path & .List(i)
n = n + 1
End If
Next i
End With
'拷贝文件到Clipboard
If clipCopyFiles(Files) Then
MsgBox "拷贝文件成功.", , "Success"
Else
MsgBox "无法拷贝文件...", , "Failure"
End If
End Sub
加入一个CommandButton，Name属性设置为cmdPaste，在cmdPaste的Click事件中加入如
下代码：
Private Sub cmdPaste_Click()
Dim Files() As String
Dim nRet As Long
Dim i As Long
Dim msg As String
nRet = clipPasteFiles(Files)
If nRet Then
For i = 0 To nRet - 1
msg = msg & Files(i) & vbCrLf
Next i
MsgBox msg, , "共粘贴" & nRet & "个文件"
Else
MsgBox "从剪贴版粘贴文件错误", , "Failure"
End If
End Sub
运行文件，在Windows 资源管理器中，选择文件，再在资源管理器菜单中选 编辑 | 复制
然后在Form1中点击cmdPaste，从资源管理器中复制的文件就拷贝到Dir1所在的目录中。从
File1中选择文件，按cmdCopy复制，再在资源管理器中选 编辑 | 粘贴 ，选择的文件就被
拷贝到Windows 资源管理器的当前目录下。
上面的程序在Windows98 VB6.0下运行通过。
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